Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients on tenofovir therapy: Relevance for screening strategies. Journal of Hepatology
Wandeler et al., in a collaboration of the SHCS, ATHENA, ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort and EUROSIDA performed a study on screening strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HIV/HBV co-infected patients on antiretroviral treatment. For this high quality HCC incidence, data are needed.
Specifically, they aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of HCC among HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing ART in a large multi-cohort study.
They included all HIV-infected adults with a positive hepatitis B surface antigen test followed in 4 prospective European cohorts. The primary outcome was the occurrence of HCC. Demographic and clinical information was retrieved from routinely collected data, and liver cirrhosis was defined according to results from liver biopsy or non-invasive measurements. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to assess HCC risk factors.
A total of 3’625 HIV/HBV-coinfected patients were included, of whom 72% had started TDF-containing ART. Over 32’673 patient-years (py), 60 individuals (1.7%) developed an HCC. The incidence of HCC remained stable over time among individuals on TDF, whereas it increased steadily among those not on TDF. Among individuals on TDF, the incidence of HCC was 5.9 per 1’000 py (95% CI 3.60-9.10) in cirrhotics and 1.17 per 1’000 py (0.56-2.14) among non-cirrhotics. Age at initiation of TDF (adjusted incidence rate ratio per 10-year increase: 2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.0) and the presence of liver cirrhosis (4.5, 2.3-8.9) were predictors of HCC. Among non-cirrhotic individuals, the incidence of HCC was only above the commonly used screening threshold of 2 cases per 1’000 py in patients aged >45 years old at TDF initiation.
In conclusion, the incidence of HCC was high in cirrhotic HIV/HBV-coinfected individuals but remained below the HCC screening threshold in patients without cirrhosis who started TDF aged <46 years old.