Use of contemporary protease inhibitors and risk of incident chronic Kidney disease in persons with human immunodeficiency virus: the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study. Journal of Infectious Diseases
Ryom et al. on behalf of the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study aimed to assess whether cumulative use of more contemporary protease inhibitors (PIs), including ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r) and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV/r), are associated with an increased incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to a similar extent as some of the older PIs.
The incidence of CKD (10.0/1000 person-years of follow-up; 95% confidence interval, 9.5–10.4/1000 person-years of follow-up) increased gradually with increasing exposure to ATV/r, but the relation was less clear for DRV/r. After adjustment, only exposure to ATV/r (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–1.6), but not exposure to DRV/r (1.0; .8–1.3), remained significantly associated with CKD.
In conclusion, in this large heterogeneous cohort of people living with HIV, more extended use of DRV/r was not significantly associated with a gradually increasing incidence of CKD, even after a median follow-up of >6 years. Discontinuation of DRV/r use was, in contrast to discontinuation of ATV/r, unrelated to declining eGFRs. A gradually increasing CKD risk with longer use of ATV/r was confirmed, with a 40% increased CKD incidence after 4 years of use, when compared with those never exposed to ATV/r.